WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children

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The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children is a list, proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), of the most effective and safe medicines for use in children up to 12 years of age needed to meet the most important needs in a basic health-care system. The list is divided into core items and complementary items. The core items are deemed to be the most cost effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources. The complementary items frequently require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment. The first list for children was created in 2007, and the list is now in its 5th edition.

Note: In the following article, an ? indicates the medicine is a complementary item, for which specialised diagnostic or monitoring and/or specialist training are needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs and/or a less attractive cost/benefit ratio.

Video WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children

Anaesthetics

General anaesthetics and oxygen

Inhalational medicines

• Halothane
• Isoflurane
• Nitrous oxide
• Oxygen

Injectable medicines

• Ketamine
• Propofol

Local anaesthetics

• Bupivacaine
• Lidocaine
• Lidocaine/epinephrine

Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures

• Atropine
• Midazolam
• Morphine

Maps WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children

Medicines for pain and palliative care

Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
• Ibuprofen
• Paracetamol (acetaminophen)

Opioid analgesics

• Morphine

Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

• Amitriptyline
• Cyclizine
• Dexamethasone
• Diazepam
• Docusate sodium
• Fluoxetine
• Hyoscine hydrobromide
• Lactulose
• Loperamide
• Metoclopramide
• Midazolam
• Ondansetron
• Senna

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Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis

• Dexamethasone
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Hydrocortisone
• Loratadine
• Prednisolone

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Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings

Non-specific

• Charcoal, activated

Specific

• Acetylcysteine
• Atropine
• Calcium gluconate
• Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
• Naloxone
• Deferoxamine^?
• Dimercaprol^?
• Fomepizole^?
• Sodium calcium edetate^?
• Succimer^?

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Anticonvulsants/antiepileptics

• Carbamazepine
• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Phenobarbital
• Phenytoin
• Valproic acid (sodium valproate)
• Ethosuximide^?

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Anti-infective medicines

Antihelminthics

Intestinal antihelminthics

• Albendazole
• Levamisole
• Mebendazole
• Niclosamide
• Praziquantel
• Pyrantel

Antifilarials

• Albendazole
• Diethylcarbamazine
• Ivermectin

Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines

• Praziquantel
• Triclabendazole
• Oxamniquine^?

Antibiotics

Beta lactam medicines

• Amoxicillin
• Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)
• Ampicillin
• Benzathine benzylpenicillin
• Benzylpenicillin
• Cefalexin
• Cefazolin
• Ceftriaxone
• Cloxacillin
• Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)
• Procaine benzylpenicillin
• Cefotaxime^?
• Ceftazidime^?
• Imipenem/cilastatin^?

Other antibacterials

• Azithromycin
• Chloramphenicol
• Ciprofloxacin
• Doxycycline
• Erythromycin
• Gentamicin
• Metronidazole
• Nitrofurantoin
• Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
• Trimethoprim
• Clindamycin^?
• Vancomycin^?

Antileprosy medicines

• Clofazimine
• Dapsone
• Rifampicin

Antituberculosis medicines

• Ethambutol
• Isoniazid
• Pyrazinamide
• Rifabutin
• Rifampicin
• Rifapentine
• Amikacin^?
• Capreomycin^?
• Cycloserine^?
• Ethionamide^?
• Kanamycin^?
• Levofloxacin^?
• Linezolid^?
• p-aminosalicylic acid^?
• Streptomycin^?

Antifungal medicines

• Amphotericin B
• Fluconazole
• Flucytosine
• Griseofulvin
• Nystatin
• Potassium iodide^?

Antiviral medicines

Antiherpes medicines

• Aciclovir

Antiretrovirals

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

• Abacavir (ABC)
• Lamivudine (3TC)
• Stavudine (d4T)
• Zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

• Efavirenz (EGV or EFZ)
• Nevirapine (NVP)

Protease inhibitors

• Atazanavir
• Darunavir
• Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)
• Ritonavir

Fixed-dose combinations

• Abacavir/lamivudine (abacavir + lamivudine)
• Lamivudine/nevirapine/stavudine
• Lamivudine/nevirapine/zidovudine
• Lamivudine/zidovudine

Other antivirals

• Oseltamivir
• Ribavirin
• Valganciclovir

Antihepatitis medicines

Medicines for hepatitis B

Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

• Entecavir

Medicines for hepatitis C

No listings in this section.

Antiprotozoal medicines

Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines

• Diloxanide
• Metronidazole

Antileishmaniasis medicines

• Amphotericin B
• Miltefosine
• Paromomycin
• Sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimoniate

Antimalarial medicines

For curative treatment

• Amodiaquine
• Artemether
• Artemether/lumefantrine
• Artesunate
• Artesunate/amodiaquine
• Artesunate/mefloquine
• Chloroquine
• Doxycycline
• Mefloquine
• Primaquine
• Quinine
• Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine

For prophylaxis

• Chloroquine
• Doxycycline
• Mefloquine
• Proguanil

Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines

• Pyrimethamine
• Sulfadiazine
• Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

Antitrypanosomal medicines

African trypanosomiasis

1st stage

• Pentamidine
• Suramin sodium

2nd stage

• Eflornithine
• Nifurtimox
• Melarsoprol^?

American trypanosomiasis

• Benznidazole
• Nifurtimox

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Antimigraine medicines

Acute attack

• Ibuprofen
• Paracetamol

Prophylaxis

• Propranolol

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Antineoplastic and immunosuppressives

Immunosuppressive medicines

• Azathioprine^?
• Ciclosporin^?

Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines

• Allopurinol^?
• Asparaginase^?
• Bleomycin^?
• Calcium folinate^?
• Carboplatin^?
• Cisplatin^?
• Cyclophosphamide^?
• Cytarabine^?
• Dacarbazine^?
• Dactinomycin^?
• Daunorubicin^?
• Doxorubicin^?
• Etoposide^?
• Filgrastim^?
• Ifosfamide^?
• Mercaptopurine^?
• Mesna^?
• Methotrexate^?
• Paclitaxel^?
• Thioguanine^?
• Vinblastine^?
• Vincristine^?

Hormones and antihormones

• Dexamethasone^?
• Hydrocortisone^?
• Methylprednisolone^?
• Prednisolone^?

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Antiparkinsonism

No listings in this section.

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Medicines affecting the blood

Antianaemia medicines

• Ferrous salt
• Folic acid
• Hydroxocobalamin

Medicines affecting coagulation

• Phytomenadione
• Desmopressin^?
• Heparin sodium^?
• Protamine sulfate^?
• Warfarin^?

Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

• Deferoxamine^?
• Hydroxycarbamide^?

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Blood products and plasma substitutes of human origin

Blood and blood components

• Fresh frozen plasma
• Platelet concentrates
• Packed red blood cells
• Whole blood

Plasma-derived medicines

Human immunoglobulins

• Anti-rabies immunoglobulin
• Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
• Human normal immunoglobulin^?

Blood coagulation factors

• Coagulation factor VIII^?
• Coagulation factor IX^?

Plasma substitutes

• Dextran 70

Cardiovascular medicines

Antianginal medicines

No listings in this section.

Antiarrhythmic medicines

No listings in this section.

Antihypertensive medicines

• Enalapril

Medicines used in heart failure

• Digoxin
• Furosemide
• Dopamine^?

Antithrombotic medicines

No listings in this section.

Lipid-lowering agents

No listings in this section.

Dermatological (topical)

Antifungal medicines

• Miconazole
• Terbinafine

Anti-infective medicines

• Mupirocin
• Potassium permanganate
• Silver sulfadiazine

Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

• Betamethasone
• Calamine
• Hydrocortisone

Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

• Benzoyl peroxide
• Coal tar
• Podophyllum resin
• Salicylic acid
• Urea

Scabicides and pediculicides

• Benzyl benzoate
• Permethrin

Diagnostic agents

Ophthalmic medicines

• Fluorescein
• Tropicamide

Radiocontrast media

• Barium sulfate^?

Disinfectants and antiseptics

Antiseptics

• Chlorhexidine
• Ethanol
• Povidone iodine

Disinfectants

• Alcohol based hand rub
• Chlorine base compound
• Chloroxylenol
• Glutaral

Diuretics

• Furosemide
• Hydrochlorothiazide^?
• Mannitol^?
• Spironolactone^?

Gastrointestinal medicines

• Pancreatic enzymes^?

Antiulcer medicines

• Omeprazole
• Ranitidine

Antiemetic medicines

• Dexamethasone
• Metoclopramide
• Ondansetron

Anti-inflammatory medicines

No listings in this section.

Laxatives

No listings in this section.

Medicines used in diarrhoea

Oral rehydration

• Oral rehydration salts

Medicines for diarrhoea

• Zinc sulfate

Hormones, other endocrine medicines, and contraceptives

Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes

• Fludrocortisone
• Hydrocortisone

Androgens

No listings in this section.

Contraceptives

No listings in this section.

Oestrogens

No listings in this section.

Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes

• Glucagon
• Insulin injection (soluble)
• Intermediate-acting insulin
• Metformin^?

Ovulation inducers

No listings in this section.

Progestogens

No listings in this section.

Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

• Levothyroxine
• Lugol's solution^?
• Potassium iodide^?
• Propylthiouracil^?

Immunologicals

Diagnostic agents

• Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)

Sera and immunoglobulins

• Antivenom immunoglobulin
• Diphtheria antitoxin

Vaccines

• BCG vaccine
• Cholera vaccine
• Diphtheria vaccine
• Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
• Hepatitis A vaccine
• Hepatitis B vaccine
• HPV vaccine
• Influenza vaccine
• Japanese encephalitis vaccine
• Measles vaccine
• Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
• Mumps vaccine
• Pertussis vaccine
• Pneumococcal vaccine
• Poliomyelitis vaccine
• Rabies vaccine
• Rotavirus vaccine
• Rubella vaccine
• Tetanus vaccine
• Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine
• Typhoid vaccine
• Varicella vaccine
• Yellow fever vaccine

Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors

• Neostigmine
• Suxamethonium
• Vecuronium
• Pyridostigmine^?

Eye preparations

Anti-infective agents

• Aciclovir
• Azithromycin
• Gentamicin
• Ofloxacin
• Tetracycline

Anti-inflammatory agents

• Prednisolone

Local anaesthetics

• Tetracaine

Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

No listings in this section.

Mydriatics

• Atropine
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)^?

Oxytocics and antioxytocics

No listings in this section.

Peritoneal dialysis solution

• Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)^?

Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders

Medicines used in psychotic disorders

• Chlorpromazine^?
• Haloperidol^?

Medicines used in mood disorders

Medicines used in depressive disorders

• Fluoxetine^?

Medicines used in bipolar disorders

No listings in this section.

Medicines for anxiety disorders

No listings in this section.

Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders

No listings in this section.

Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use

No listings in this section.

Medicines acting on the respiratory tract

Antiasthmatic medicines

• Budesonide
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Salbutamol (albuterol)

Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances

Oral

• Oral rehydration salts
• Potassium chloride

Parenteral

• Glucose
• Glucose with sodium chloride
• Potassium chloride
• Sodium chloride
• Sodium hydrogen carbonate
• Sodium lactate, compound solution

Miscellaneous

• Water for injection

Vitamins and minerals

• Ascorbic acid
• Cholecalciferol
• Iodine
• Pyridoxine
• Retinol
• Riboflavin
• Sodium fluoride
• Thiamine
• Calcium gluconate^?

Ear, nose and throat medicines in children

• Acetic acid
• Budesonide
• Ciprofloxacin
• Xylometazoline

Specific medicines for neonatal care

Medicines administered to the neonate

• Caffeine citrate
• Chlorhexidine
• Ibuprofen^?
• Prostaglandin E^?
  • Prostaglandin E1
  • Prostaglandin E2
• Surfactant^?

Medicines for diseases of joints

Medicines used to treat gout

No listings in this section.

Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders

• Hydroxychloroquine^?
• Methotrexate^?

Juvenile joint diseases

• Aspirin

Notes

References

Source of the article : Wikipedia